Japanese physicist hantaro nagaoka biography
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Hantaro Nagaoka
Japanese physicist (1865–1950)
Hantaro Nagaoka (長岡 半太郎, Nagaoka Hantarō, August 19, 1865 – December 11, 1950) was a Japanese physicist and a pioneer of Japanese physics during the Meiji period.
Life
[edit]Nagaoka was born in Nagasaki, Japan on August 19, 1865 and educated at the University of Tokyo.[1]: 633 After graduating with a degree in physics in 1887, Nagaoka worked with a visiting Scottish physicist, Cargill Gilston Knott, on early problems in magnetism, namely magnetostriction in liquid nickel. In 1893, Nagaoka traveled to Europe, where he continued his education at the universities of Berlin, Munich, and Vienna, including courses on Saturn's rings and a course with Ludwig Boltzmann on his Kinetic Theory of Gases, two influences which would be reflected in Nagaoka's later work. Nagaoka also attended, in 1900, the First International Congress of Physicists in Paris, where he heard Marie Curie lecture on radioactivity, an event that aroused Nagaoka's interest in atomic physics. Nagaoka returned to Japan in 1901 and served as professor of physics at Tokyo University until 1925.[1] After his retirement from Tokyo University, Nagaoka was appointed a head scientist at RIKEN, and also served as the first pr
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Hantaro Nagaoka
(1865–1950) Nipponese physicist
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Nagaoka’s atomic model and hyperfine interactions
Abstract
The prevailing view of Nagaoka’s “Saturnian” atom is so misleading that today many people have an erroneous picture of Nagaoka’s vision. They believe it to be a system involving a ‘giant core’ with electrons circulating just outside. Actually, though, in view of the Coulomb potential related to the atomic nucleus, Nagaoka’s model is exactly the same as Rutherford’s. This is true of the Bohr atom, too. To give proper credit, Nagaoka should be remembered together with Rutherford and Bohr in the history of the atomic model. It is also pointed out that Nagaoka was a pioneer of understanding hyperfine interactions in order to study nuclear structure.
Keywords: Nagaoka-Rutherford-Bohr atomic model (N-R-B model), the origin of hyperfine interactions
1. Introduction
Hantaro Nagaoka was a distinguished Japanese physicist living in the early 20th century. He was a member of the Japan Academy from 1906, and assumed its presidency after receiving the Order of Culture in 1937. He is so famous that there is supposed to be nothing more to be added to the Nagaoka archives. When it comes to the atomic model, however, things are not as they should be. A stereotyped picture, universally known as the Nagaoka “Saturnian” atom, h